For efficient application of solar energy, a pebble bed energy storage heating system\nin a solar attic is optimally designed and operated. To study the characteristics of the heating\nsystem, a numerical model for the system is presented and is validated with the experiment data\nin the literature. Based on the model, the influence of the envelopes of the solar house and the\nmeteorological condition on the system performance is investigated. The results show that the\nenvelopes, except those on the north face, with more glazed exterior surfaces can be beneficial to raise\nthe temperature of the solar house. It is also found that outdoor temperature may have less impact\non the energy storage in the system compared with solar radiation. Furthermore, through optimizing\nthe system design and operation, solar energy can account for 56% of the energy requirement in\nthe heating season in Xiââ?¬â?¢an (about 34ââ??¦ N, 108ââ??¦ E), which has an average altitude of 397.5 m and\nmoderate solar irradiation. Also, the suitability of the system in northwest China is investigated, and\nthe outcome demonstrates that the external comprehensive temperature should be more than 269 K if\na 50% energy saving rate is expected.
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